Grammar (The Present Progressive)

        The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress( is occurring, is happening) right now. The event is in progress at the time the speaker is saying the sentence. The event began in the past, is in progress now, and will probably continue into the future.
                                           Form: am, is, are + ing.
(a) Sara can't come to the phone right now because she is taking shower.
(b) It's noon. I am eating lunch at the cafeteria right now.
(c) Ann and Bob are babies. They are crying. I can't hear them right now. Maybe they are hungry.

Forms of the present progressive.
Statement: I am working.
                   (You- We- They) are working.
                   (He- She- It) is working.
Negative: I am not working.
                 (You- We- They) are not working.
                 (He- She- It) is not working.
Question: Am I working?
                 Are (you- we- they) working?
                 Is (he- she- it) working?

Present Progressive short answers to the questions.
Question: Are you studying?
 
Short answer: Yes, I am.
                        No, I'm not.
Long answer: Yes, I am studying.
                        No, I am not studying.

Short question: Is Sana Studying?

Short answer: Yes, she is.
                        No, she's not or
                        No, she isn't.

Long answer: Yes, she is studying.
                        No, she's not studying. or
                        No, she isn't studing.

Short question: Are they studying?

Short answer: Yes, they are.
                        No, they're not. or
                        No, they aren't.

Long answer: Yes, they are studying.
                        No, they're not studying.
                        No, They aren't studying.   

Grammar (The Simple Present)

                                                            The Simple Present

          The simple present expresses daily habits or usual activities.

(a)    Ann takes a shower every day.

(b)   I usually eat lunch at the cafeteria.

The simple present expresses general statements of fact.

(c)    Babies cry.

(d)   The earth revolves around the sun.

(e)    A square has four equal sides.

(f)     The sky is blue.

In sum, the simple present is used for events or situations that exist always, usually, or habitually in the past, present or future.

Forms of the simple present.

Statement: ( I- You- We- They) works.

                  ( He- She- It) works.

Negative: ( I- You- We They) do not work.

                 ( He- She- It) does not work.

Question: Do ( I- you- we- they) work?

            Does ( he- she- it) work?

Simple Present Short answers to questions.

Question: Does Bob like tea?

Short answer: Yes, he does.

                        No, he doesn’t.

Long answer: Yes, he likes tea.

                        No, he doesn’t like tea.

Question: Do you like tea?

Short answer: Yes, I do.

                        No, I don’t.

Long Answer: Yes, I like tea.

                         No, I don’t like tea.

A visit to a circus

        A circus came to our town in November last. I saw its posters on the walls. I went there, one day, to see an afternoon show. It began with the appearance of two clowns. They were dressed in multicolored clothes. They cut jokes with each other. Their talk was so funny that it made us laugh very heartily. Then came six horses, with a rider on the back of each. They ran, with the riders standing on their backs. They jumped from horse to horse and filled us all with great surprise. Then came the elephants, the monkeys and the camels to show their wonderful tricks. after the intervals, six pretty looking girls entertained us with their songs, and dances and gymnastics. Last of all came two lions and a well-dressed young man with whip in his hand. He ordered them to stand on their legs, and they obeyed him. We clapped our hands, when we saw them drink water with two goats. The show ended after that, and we returned home full of great surprise at what we had seen.

My best friend

       Mr. David is my best friend. He is my next door neighbor. He is also my class-fellow. He is of the same age as I am. His father is the leading doctor of the city. He was elected the chairman the Basic Democrats of this locality. He is also the president of municipal committee. Despite all these things, my friend is not at all proud. He is very kind to the poor students of his class. He helps them with books and clothes. He also pays their fees, if they are not in the position to do so. He is the top most student of the class. He obtains the highest marks in English, history, science and mathematics. He is a very good player of soccer. He is also a good swimmer and a fine athlete. He is an ideal students, and his teachers like him very much.

A walk on a moon- lit night

         The moon, the queen of the night, was shining in the sky right gloriously. The twinkling stars looked very grand and majestic. I was greatly charmed by the beauty of the moon-lit night. I couldn't help going out for a walk. The houses, the shops, the trees and the road itself were shining like so many springs of endless light. A cow here and a dog there were seen moving silently about, perhaps, like myself, they were also mad with joy at the beauty of the night. Before long, I was passing through rich fields of ripe corn. the golden ears of wheat greeted my eyes, Wherever I went. The glorious moon-beams added to grace of the scenery all around. At last I stood near the canal. It was flowing very softly. The moon and stars were reflected in its clear water. The golden rays of the moon danced over the waves. I sat spellbound under a tree, still the realm of the sky was completely conquered by the sun, the lord of the day. 

(C) The police

Request of help from police officer.

My car is missing.

My car has been stolen.

I’ve been robbed.

I’ve been mugged.

I’ve been raped.

He had gun.

We’re trapped up here.

We’re trapped in here.

A police officer seeking information.

Tell me exactly what happened.

Are you lost?

Can you provide a description of the missing person?

A police officer confronting a criminal.

Hands up!

Put your hands up!

Put your hands on your head!

Tell it to lawyer! (info)

I don’t care who you are!

(B) The life and death

Life and death emergencies- (formal)
There is someone in that house!
Please try to find my brother!

Life and death emergencies.
My cousin fell from a ladder!
My child has been run over.

Life and death emergencies-medical.
My baby has stopped breathing.
I'm having terrible chest pain.

Emergencies (A) Accidents

Asking what has happened at the scene of an accident.
What happened?
Has the family been notified?

Asking for help at the scene of an accident.
Is there a doctor here?
Can you stop the bleeding?
Get the paramedics.
Get some help.
Get a doctor quick.

Dealing with an injured person at the scene of an accident.
Is he breathing?
Get a first aid-kit.
We need some bandages.
Stop the flow of blood.
Stay right there.
Stay put.

Asking someone about injuries received in an accident.
Are you OK?
Can you move your arm?

Explaining that you have witnessed an accident.
I saw the whole thing.
I'm a witness.
I got the license number of the car.

(F) Discussion and resolution

Encouraging an explanation.

I didn't get that.

I didn't here you.

When you don't understand someone.

I don't see what you are getting at.

I don't get you.

I don't follow you.

I 'm not sure I follow you.

I'm not sure i get your pint.

When someone doesn't understand.

That's not what meant.

I didn't say that.I said not such thing.

I didn't mean to imply that.

Criticizing someones misunderstanding.

 Listen to me.

Open your ear. (info)

Get the wax out of your ears. (info)

You've got it wrong.

you've got it all wrong.

You've got me wrong.

You've twisted my words.

Attempting to put an end to an misunderstanding.

let me rephrase that.

Let me clarify that.

Allow me to clarify.

Let me make myself clear.

Encouraging someone to believe you.

Truly.

That's the truth.

That's the honest truth.

I swear on my mother's grave.(info)

I swear to God.

That's the gospel truth. (info)

Asking to be trusted.

You've my words on this.

I give my words.

I give you my word of honor.

On my honor.

Don't be such a doubting Thamas.

Stating that something is settled.

It's locked up.

It's sewn up.

It's sure thing.

It's for sure.

It's certain.It's in the bag.

It's a done load.It's as good as done.

Claiming that something is easy to understand.

It's as plain as day.

It's as clear as day.

Any fool can see it. (info)

Showing disbelief.

You can't fool me.

You can't pull the wool over my  eyes.

I wasn't born yesterday.

Expressing ignorance.

I don't know.

I don't know and I don't care.

I don't have a clue.

I don't have the fan-test idea.

Haven't the foggiest.

I give up. (info)

Expressing reluctance.

I'm afraid so.

Not in a million years.

Over my dead body. (info)

(3) Disputes

Criticism of someone with whom you disagree.

You're without a clue. (info)

Don't you know anything?

How can you be so stupid? (info)

That ain't the way I heard it.

Calling someone crazy.

You're off your joker. (info)

You're out of your mind. (info)

He's two bricks shy of a load.

You're out of your tree.

You're out of your head.

Questioning someone's sanity.

Are you crazy?

Is he nuts?

Are you out of your tree?

Are you out of it?

Have you gone crazy?

Have you gone insane?

Have you gone mad?

Have you gone stark raving mad?

Have you gone loco? (info)

Have you gone plumb loco? (info)

Have you lost your mind?

Have lost your senses?

Have you lost your marbles?

Encouraging someone to be more sensible.

Get a life. (ifo)

Get real!

Come back to earth. (info)

Asking  disbelief or disagreement.

For real? (info)

No kidding?

Are you serious?

Are you pulling my leg?

When someone says something outrageous.

Unbelievable!

Get out of town!

You're kidding!

That blows my mind. (info)

(D, 3) Complex matters.

Encouraging someone not to be excited.

Don't loose your cool.

Don't blow your cool.

Don't blow a gasket.

Don't go in to hysterics.

Don't go in to hysterics on me.

Encouraging someone to relax.

Simmer down.

Calm down.

Be calm.

Calm yourself.

Relax.

Deal with it. (info)

Encouraging someone to be less aggressive-informal.

Don't have a cow.

Give it a rest.

You got ants in pants.

When someone is cold and unfeeling- informal.

You're as cold as ice.

You're a cold fish.

Have you no qualms?

Have you scruples?

Have you no conscience?

Have you no thought for anyone but yourself?

Think you before you speak.

Think before youact.

Try putting yourself in my shoes.

What to say to smoker.

This is a none smoking area.

This is a none smoking building.

It's your funeral. (info)

A smoker's response to a none smoker's complaint.

Mind your own business.

Go to a none smoking area.

Questions a smoker might ask.

Got a match?

You got a lighter?

Do you mind if I smoke?

(D, 2) Complex matters.

Introducing a secret.
Just between you and me...
Can you keep a secret?
Don't repeat this, but...
Don't let this get around, but...
Could you keep a secret?
Confidentially...

Instructions about keeping a secret.
Better keep quit about it.
Don't breathe a word of it.
Don't let it out of this room.
Don't let this go any further.
Don't tell a soul.
This is not for public knowledge.
This is not public knowledge.
This is not for publication.

Promising to keep a secret.
I won't tell a soul.
My lips are sealed.
It won't leave this room.
Wild horses couldn't drag it out of me.
I'll take it to my grave.

Forgetfulness.
Where was I?
What was I saying?
What were we talking about?
I don't remember.
I have a mind like a sieve.
I'm a little absentminded.
Are we supposed to be at some place right now?

 When you are in trouble.
I'm in deep.
I'm in over my head.
I'm in a way over my head.
My reputation is at stake.

When someone is in trouble.
You've really screwed up. (info)
You are up a creek. (info)
You are up the creek. (info)

When you are out of money.
I'm broke.
I'm flat broke.
I'm bankrupt.

Expressing stress or anxiety.
I'm going nuts.
I'm going crazy.
I'm loosing my mind.
I'm going to explode.
I'm coming apart at the seams.
I'm falling apart at the seams.

When you are overworked and doing too much.
I scarcely have time to breathe.
I've no time to call my own.

When someone is anxious and under stress.
Calm down.
Don't be such a worrywart.
Don't loose your sleep over it.

(D, 1) Complex matters

Expressing support for someone.

I’ll stand by you.

I’m standing behind you.

You can put your trust in me.

You can put your faith in me.

Offer help to someone.

I’m here if you need me.

I’m here for you.

I’ll take the rap.

Expressing trust in someone.

I’ve faith in you.

I’ve the utmost faith in you.

I confidence in you.

Expressing encouragement

Stay at it.

Go for it.

Give it a try.

Hang in there. (info)

Hang tough.

Stick it out.

Encouraging someone to stop stalling and do something.

Let’s see some action. (info)

It’s now or never.

Are you just going to sit there?

Aren’t you going to do anything?

Expressing dissatisfaction with someone’s effort.

It’s not up to snuff.

Is that all?

Once more with feeling.

Asking someone to wait.

Wait.

Wait a moment.

Wait a minute.

Just a second.

Hold your pants on. (info)

Wait a bit.

Encouraging someone to be patient and take things.

Take things as they come.

Take it as it comes.

Take it one day at a time.

Take things one day at a time.

Encouraging someone to be prudent- cliches.

Don’t jump the gun.

Don’t go off half-cocked.

Don’t go chomping at the bit.

Don’t put the cart before the horse.

Don’t get ahead of yourself.

Giving advice someone whose life is too busy.

You can’t please everybody.

You are taking on too much.

You’re doing too much.

You’re trying to do too much.

You are overdoing it.

You need to set your priorities.

Giving instruction to someone you’ve lent something to.

Take good care of it.

Bring it back in one.

(C) Making friends

Expressing friendship.
We're very close.
She's a dear friend.
She's like a sister to me.
He's like the brother I never had.
We're like brothers.

Commenting on the uniqueness  of someone.
He's one of kind.
Bob's a one of a kind.

Personal similarities.
We're two of a kind.
They're two of a kind.

Inviting someone to work.
You want to work. (info)
Could I have the next work?

Bringing a conversation to an end.
Let's call it a day.
We should be on our way.
Let's bid our farewell. (for)

(B) Launching the conversation

Starting an informal conversation.

Guess what?

Have heard the latest?

Get a load of this. (info)

Dig this.

Inviting someone to talk.

You got a minute?

Get a minute?

I need to talk.

Let’s talk.

Coming to the point of the matter.

Make no bones about it.

Read my lips.

      Let’s call a spade a spade.

      Here’s the bottom line.

      Requesting that speaker get to the point.

      What’s your point?

      Get to the point.

      Cut to the chase.

      Various conversational phrases.

      If I may add some information?

      Pardon my French.

      Know what I mean?

      You know what I’m saying?

  

      Encouraging someone to speak plainly.

      Lay it on the line. (info)

      Tell it to me like a man. (info)

      Give to me straight. (info)

      Give it to me in plain English.

      Don’t beat around the bush.

      Cut the crap.

      Noting digressions in a conversation.

      That’s beside the point.

      That’s beside the question.

     That’s not at issue.

     That’s not the issue.

     That’s off the subject.

     That’s irrelevant.

     Hat’s another can of worms.

     You are getting of the subject.

     As you were saying…

    Getting back to the point..

    But I disagree. (for)

    Repeating what you have said.

    As I’ve said….

    If I’ve said it once, I’ve said it a million times.

    When someone is being repetitious.

    So you said.

    Stop beating a dead horse.

    We get the point, already.

    We heard you already.

    Agreeing with a speaker.

    It seems.

    So it would seem.

    Answers to “How did you find out?”

    It’s a common knowledge.

    We are openly visible to everyone.

    News travel fast.

    But news travel fast.

    None of your business. (info)

Conversational Encounters (A) Focusing attention

Getting someone’s attention.

Pardon me. (for)

Hey, you! (info)

Getting someone to listen to you.

Look here. (info)

Listen here. (info)

Listen up. (info)

Do you here me?

Do I have your ear?

Am I making myself heard?

Directing attention to an object.

Get a load of this.

Take a gander at that.

Can you believe my eyes?

I don’t believe my eyes.

That’s a sight for sore eyes.

Confirming that you are paying attention.

I here you.

I’m still here.

(G) Disagreeing.

Stating simple disagreement or refusal.

No.

Not a chance.

Not!

I don’t think so.

Stating categorical disagreement.

Wrong!

You’re wrong.

You’re dead wrong.

You’re off.

You’re way off base.

Stating strong disagreement.

That’s a lot of bull. 

That’s a lot of baloney.

That’s a bunch of baloney.

That’s a bunch of malarkey.

Lies!

That’s a lie.

That’s a big, fat lie. (info)

You’re lying through your teeth.

Look me in the eye and say that.

Stating your disagreement with a proposition.

That’s out of the question.

That’s unthinkable.

I’ll give that all the consideration it’s due.

Expressing rejection.

I can’t stand it.

I hate it.

SI don’t care for it.

I don’t like it.

It’s ugly.

It’s dreadful.

It’s hell on earth. (info)

I don’t get it.

I can’t do it.

Expressing refusal.

No.

No, sir.

No, sire.

Sorry.

Nothing doing.

You’re out of luck.

Not likely.

Save your breath.

Not in a million years.

Not for a million dollars.

You couldn’t pay me to do it.

Not in your wildest dreams.

You wish.

Damned if I will.

Like hell.

You’re S.O.L.

Stating that someone is wrong.

What are you talking about?

You don’t have leg to stand on.

You haven’t a leg to stand on.

You’re really stretching the truth.

You can lay that notion to rest.

Arguing about the facts.

You’ve got it all wrong.

You’ve got your facts wrong.

You haven’t got the facts.

You haven’t got the facts right.

Next time get the facts straight. (info)

Next time get the facts first. (info)

Don’t jump to conclusions.

(F) Agreeing

Simple agreement.

Yes.

Yeah. (info)

Right on!

Sure.

You got it.

You bet.

Stating your concurrence.

This is true.

That’s true.

I couldn’t agree with you more.

I’ve no problem with that.

We see eye to eye on this.

I couldn’t have said it better.

You took the words right out of my mouth.

I will drink to that.

Expressing acceptance.

It’s fine.

I think it’s fine.

I like the texture.

I like the flavor.

It’s got a good rhythm.

It’s wonderful.

It’s fabulous.

This is the ultimate.

It couldn’t be better.

There’s none better.

Never been better.

It doesn’t get any better than this.

I’ve never seen anything like it. That’s the ticket. (info)

It’s a league of it’s own..

I give it four stars.

It gets two thumbs up. (info)

I’ve hit the jackpot.

I did it.

It’s good!

Bull’s eye.

Bonus!

Stating that you understand.

I hear you.

I hear you, man.

Point well taken.

I know what you mean.

I know what you’re talking about.

I understand what you’re saying.

Understood.

(I)got it.

I follow you.

I’m with you.

Making sure you are understood.

Do you know what I mean?

Do you know what I’m talking about?

Do you see what I mean?

See what I mean?

Don’t you see?

Do you get the message?

Do you get the picture?

Understand?

Do you understand?

Do you hear what I’m saying?

Do you hear me?

Do you agree?

You’re with me, right?

Are you with me on this?

Do we see eye to eye on this?

(E) Good-byes

 Simple good-byes.

Good-bye.

Bye.

Bye-bye.

Ta-ta. (info)

Farewell.

Cheerio.

Good-night.

Good-bye until later.

Good-bye for now.

Good-bye until next time.

See you later.

See you later, alligator.

Later, gator.

Later. (info)

See you next year.

See you then.

See you tomorrow.

Taking leave of someone.

Good running into you.

(It was) nice to see you.

Nice meeting you..

It was a pleasure meeting you. (for)

It has been a real pleasure. (for)

Leaving a place.

Are you about finished?

Are you really to go.

Ready to go?

Ready to roll?

Let’s get while the getting’s good.

Let’s head out.

Let’s beat a hasty retreat.

Let’s make tracks. (info)

Let’s molar.

Let’s make like the wind and blow.

Le’s make like a banana and split.

Exit stage right.

Exit stage left.

Retreat! 

Making plans to keep in touch with someone.

I’ll call you when I get home.

Call when you get there.

I will be in touch.

Let’s keep in touch.

(D) Ending a conversation

Signaling the end of the conversation.

Oh, look at the time!

It’s getting late.

It’s been nice chatting with you.

It’s so good to see you again.

Let’s do lunch sometime.

I really have to go now.

Ending a telephone conversation.

We’ll talk sometime.

I must say good-bye now.

I won’t keep you any longer.

I’ll let you go now.

Ending a conversation abruptly.

I’ll have to say good-bye now.

Look at the time.

Let’s continue this another time.

I really must go.

(c) Introduction

Introducing someone to someone else.

Rita, have you met Bob?

Rita, do you know Bob?

Bob, shake hands with John.

Do you two know each other?

Have you met?

Have you two been introduced?

Haven't you two been introduced?

Oh, I'm sorry; how silly of me.

This is Rita.

Rita, Bob is the guy I was telling about. (info)

You two have a lot of common.

When you have just been introduced to someone.

Good to meet you.

Nice to meet you.

nice meeting you..

I'm happy to meet you.

I'm glad to meet you.

Glad to meet you.

A pleasure. (for)

After you have been introduced to someone.

I have been waiting to meet you for sometime.

I have heard so much about you.

I feel I know you already.

Asking how someone is.

How are you?

How's your family?

How are you doing?

How are you feeling?

How you feeling?

Are you feeling better today?

How you been?

Asking someone how things are going.

How are things?

How are things going?

How's tricks?

How's it sh akin?

How's everything?

How's every little thing?

How's everything going?

How's the world (been) treating you?

(b) Small talk

Expressing your state of health.

Fine!

I'm fine.

I'm cool.

Keeping cool.

Dandy. (info)

Fine and dandy.

Great.

O key.

All right.

I have nothing to complaint about.

Telling how you have been doing.

Keeping busy.

Keeping myself busy.

Been keeping my nose clean. (info)

Telling how you have been doing- neutral.

Fair to middling.

Same as always.

Same as usual.

Telling how you have been doing- negative.

Not good.

Not so good.

Not too hot.

None too hot.

Not great.

Not so great.

None too great.

Crummy.

Kind of crummy.

Lousy.

I have seen better days.

I've had better days.

Explaining  you have been busy.

I'm busy.

Keeping busy.

Keeping myself busy.

Been keeping myself busy.

Inviting a friend for a drink or coffee.

Do you have any time.

Would you like to have drink?

Let's go for coffee.

Basic Social Encounters (a) Greetings

Simple greeting.

Hello!

Howdy!

Hey!

General greetings.

How are you?

How's it going?

What's up? (info)

What's going on?

Greetings for various times of the day.

Good morning.

 Morning.

Afternoon.

Good evening.

Greeting for a person you haven't seen in a long time.

I haven't seen you in years!

Long time no see!(info)

Expressing surprise at meeting someone.

What a surprise to meet you here!

Fancy meeting you here!

Never thought I'd see you here!

After you have greeted someone.

Haven't we met before?

Didn't we meet at that party last year?

I'm sorry! I have forgotten your name.

True Story( Life For Life)

      Humayun was the oldest son of the great Mughal Emperor Babar. Once he was taken seriously ill. The court physicians treated him with great care and attention. But the more they tried to restore his health, the worse he became. At last the anxious father called a meeting of his best friends in order to seek their counsel. They advised him to sacrifice his dearest possession for the sake of his son. They referred to the Koh-i-Noor diamond ( later English took this diamond to England in order to fit it in the crown of the Queen). But he said that his own life was more precious than that. So he went thrice round the patient's bed praying that he might fall ill in place of his son. And his prayer was granted by God.. The Emperor Babar fell ill, and Humayun began to feel better day by day. At last the son recovered fully, and his loving father passed away.

Selected story(Dr. cat and the birds)

      Once a cat thought of a clever plan to kill some birds. He dressed himself up as a doctor and stood beside their cage." Good-morning, my friends, said he to them. A friend of mine has told me that some of you are not feeling well. I was deeply grieved to hear that. Just open the door and let me see, if i can be of any help to you." The birds understood what he wanted to do with them. So they didn't open the door and said, "Thank you, Dr. cat, for your kind visit. There is nothing wrong with us. And we shall keep very well, as long as our door is shut, and you are outside it."Dr. cat was put to great shame and went his way.

Learn Expository Paragraph

    In an expository paragraph, the writer explains a subject to the reader. Details in an expository paragraph are informative, clear, and carefully arranged so that the reader can understand the subject.

1- Think about your subject. Do you understand it well enough to explain it to someone else, or do you need to find more information before you can write?

2- Choose the information you want to give about your subject. You may to use a jotting out lines to list the kinds of information you could give.

3- Arrange that information in logical order. Chronological order, for example, is the best order for expository paragraphs that give step by step in formations.

4- State your subject clearly in a topic sentence.

5- Present the information in order you have chosen. Use transitions to connect ideas.

6- End with sentence that mentions your subject again.

     Have you ever told someone else any of these things?

     How to get from your home to job?

     How to write a check?

     How caterpillars become butterflies?

     How to put together a set of book shelves?

If so, then try expository paragraph.

Here is an expository paragraph.

           Are you looking for a place to live? Do you know what kind of housing you want to live? There are many ways to find out about housing. For example, you can start by telling people that you are looking neighbors, friends, and people you work with may know of  a place that hasn't ever been advertised. Next, if you know which area. Watch for "For Sale" or " For Rent" signs. You might ask people on the street if they know of any places in the area. One of the best way to look for housing, though, is to look in the real estate section of the newspaper. The ads there will give a good chance to compare prices. They also may give you an idea about other kinds of housing. Finding a place to live will be easier if you use several plans in your search.

"Atom for peace"

       Atom is the smallest unit of an element. It is a system composed of a charged nucleus and a number of electrons. The electrons travel in orbits about the nucleus. Now when a atom is broken it release tremendous energy. In this way atom has become a source of energy. The discovery of atomic energy is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the present age.We may use or misuse of this power. We may use it for the settlement of our disputes, the whole mankind will perish as a result. If we are sensible in its use, we may have a better and happier world. In the constructive sphere, the atomic energy can work wonders.

The use of atomic energy for medical purpose can cure these disease which were once considered in curable. Radium can be used in the dist ruction of abnormal tissues and cancer.Radio-therapy is an important branch of medical science. Superfluous cells are destroyed once for all. The isotopes of sodium, potassium, bromine and iodine will go a long way in tracing the origin and cause of many diseases. This saves man from cruel clutches of a slow and painful death. In this way, the atomic energy has alleviated the human sufferings. Medicine and surgery owe a deep dept of gratitude to scientists who discovered the secrets of Atomic Energy.

    In the sphere of industry also the atomic energy is going to play a very important role. Coal and petrol supply of the world is being gradually exhausted.The time is not far when they may not be available.

    In the field of agriculture, atomic energy will be of great help to the farmers. Atomic explosions can level the hills and mounds. The land so made available can be used for the cultivation of crops.

    Lastly, we come to the use of atomic energy for transport purpose. With the help of atomic energy, the means of communication and transportation can be made swifter and more reliable at present.

Learn Descriptive Paragraph

                                         Descriptive paragraph

In a descriptive paragraph, the writer describes a person, place or thing. Details in a descriptive paragraph are specific and appeal to the senses. They should present a clear word picture for the reader.

1-Most people experiences the world through all five senses. In a descriptive paragraph, therefore a writer appeals to the reader experiences by including sensory words that appeal to the senses. For example;

Sight- shade, green, black.

Sound- chattering rusted.

Touch- spongy.

Taste- sweet, spicy, rotten.

2- The writer also uses specific words, such as sparrows instead of birds, jogger and her Collie instead of a person and her dog.

3- the writer arranged details in a logical order. As you picture the sense, your eyes move from the tree tops to the ground, then to the fountain and to two corners of the park. There are many ways you can arrange details to describe a person, place or thing.

From top to bottom.

From side to side.

From least important to most important.

From bottom to top.

From away to close up.

--------------------------------- Our tuck shop--------------------------------

We have a nice little tuck shop in our school. It is just beside our gymnasium. It is run by Bob, a young man of forty. He keeps the shop as neat as clean as possible. He sells fruit, cold drinks, milk, butter-milk, tea and whatnot. His charges are very moderate, but he does not sell anything on credit. His shop consists of three rooms. In the one, he prepares sweets, In the second, he arranges various articles for sale. He keeps them in glass cupboards, beyond the reach of flies. In the third, he serves these things on marble tables before his customers. They sit on decent chairs, and eat and drink whatever they like. He uses pure milk and his preparations are frequently tested by Principal. It is always pleasure to pay visit his tuck shop.

(Keeping the instruction in the mind try to write you own, short descriptive paragraph)

Learn Persuasive Paragraph

           In a persuasive paragraph, the writer tries to convince the reader to accept the writer's opinion.That opinion is supported with factual, logical details. 

1-Decide on your opinion(opinion of view).

2-State your opinion clearly in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph.

3-Give two or three logical reasons and factual reasons in support of your opinion.

4-Give your best reason last,use transitions in paragraph.

5-End with the restatement of your opinion.

Note: remember three things.

(i)-Opinion.

(ii)-Reasons.

(iii)-Restatement.

------------------------------Shelters at bus stops--------------------------

The city should build a shelter at each in the business district.First of all, shelter along busy streets would make the stops easy to find.Shelters also would provide a new way for business to advertise.Finally, shelters would give protection from the weather; commuters could wait for their buses in greater comfort. Workers in the business district would welcome shelters along the bus routs.

(Now follow the instructions and try to write your own persuasive paragraph)

The bullet proof coat

                    The bullet proof coat

 A clever young man came to a seasoned general one day."Please, sir," said he,"I have invented a bullet proof coat. It will be a boon for soldier in the field of battle."The general examined the coat very carefully. But  nothing unusual came to his notice. He asked the young man to put it on, and went in to fetch his rifle. He wanted to shoot at the inventor in order to test his claim. But when he returned with it, the young man had disappeared. He smiled at the cleverness of the visitor and said,"He knew that his coat was a boon for all,except his own self."

Learn Invitation and Thank you Notes

                                    Learn Invitation and Thank You Notes

                                      Invitation

An invitation is a friendly letter written to encourage someone to attend a special event. It uses an informal tone to try to convince the reader to come to the party.

                                     Thank-you note

A thank you note is a friendly letter written to express the writer’s appreciation. It uses an informal tone to tell the reader how pleased the writer was with a gift or favor.

Both invitations and think you notes have five parts:

1-The heading-your address and the date of writing.

.2-The greeting or salutation-usually Dear.

3-The body-the content of the letter; the part where you give the invitation or state your thanks.

4-The closing-for example; with love, or your friend.

5-The signature.
---------------------------------------Invitation-------------------------------

14 Jefferson Way

                                                            (Heading)        Darien, CT 08602

October 20, 2011.

Dear Uncle Bob,        (Greeting)

(Body) Well, the leaves outside are changing color. The time means that it’s time to make our Thanksgiving plans.

 Bob, I hope you will spend Thanks giving in Darien with me this year. After all, Thanksgiving is family time, and you are my only family in America. Besides, how can you resist my wonderful roast turkey with wild rice?

Please tell me “yes” as soon as that weekend, and I want to get us tickets

Can you pass up and offer like that?

                                                                                    (Closing) With love,

                                                                                     (Signature)----------.

------------------------------------ Thank you note---------------------------------

                                                                               5 Spring Street

                                                (Heading)               St. Louis, M036414

                                                                                December 1,2011.

Dear Sara, (Greeting)
(Body)    I just wanted to thank you again for inviting me for Thanksgiving. It was everything you promised!

The meat was wonderful, especially that golden turkey and the sweet fan you made. I talked about it at the plant, and two people asked for the recipe! I had good time at the concert, too. But the best part was seeing you again. We let too much time go by between visits, so let’s see each other again soon.

I’ll have many good memories of our visit.

                                                                     (Closing)     Your uncle uncle
                                                                     (Signature)   ------------

The dog in the manger

                                       The dog in the manger

Once upon a time a farmer had a bad tempered dog. It was always chained to the gate of his farm-house. It found its way into the manger one day. It found the place nice and comfortable. It made up the mind to stay there. When it was evening, the cattle returned home. They went straight to the manger to eat their fodder. But he growled and barked at them. They couldn’t dare come near it. They stood in surprised at some distance and said to one another.” What a selfish dog we have to deal with:” “yes, said the dog, I can’t eat this fodder myself, but I will never let any of you to come near it.”

The best artist

                                                           The Best Artist

Once there lived three artists of great fame in a big city.They were competing for a certain prize.One of them painted a wreath of flowers.It looked so real that a bee came and sat on it.The other painted a basket of vegetables.These looked so nice that a cow tried to bite at them.The third painted a curtain.It looked so natural that the judge tried to remove it.This painting won the prize,because it had deceived a man,while the other two had deceived only an insect and animal.

(story no: 1 of 150)

Learn Narrative Paragraph

In a narrative paragraph,the writer tells a story.The detail in the story create an interesting narrative and make a point.

1-the story in a narrative paragraph must begin and end in just a few sentences.Therefore it is very important to choose details carefully.Many details that would be fine in a long book would be out of place in single paragraph.

2-It is also important to have point in your mind before you write.The details you choose should be told in logical and chronological order,what happened first,next and so on.The details you choose should also lead to the final event,called the climax(event or point).

3-It is in the climax of the story that the point is made.Think about the details as you read the paragraph.

Notice:-The topic sentence comes at the end.look at the order in which the details appear.

4-In this kind of paragraph,not every sentence directly supports the topic sentence.instead,he narrative builds from sentence to sentence until the story has reached it's climax and the point has made.

--------------------------- An interesting story "Father's horses"-------------------------

           There lived a landlord in a certain town. He was very fond of riding and hunting. He had many beautiful horses in his stable. His syce looked after them with great care and attention. He met a little girl at the gate of his stable one day she was the youngest daughter of his head syce. He wanted to say something to her father about one of his horses. But he was not at home.He wanted to leave with her a message for him."Do you know who i am?,"Said to her."o yes,i do,"was her quick reply."You are the man who rides my father's horses."

Learn English (Lesson Ten)

46-Elaboration of the Object; I bought the curious little box with no lid you told me about
Practice 
a-
 
47-Elaboration of the Indirect Object; He gave the brave young man,wearing a red cloak,who was waiting at the side of the room,a medal.
Practice 
a-
b-

48-Elaboration of Subject Compliments.
a-She became headmistress.
b-They painted the door a horrid green that spoiled everything.
Practice 
a-
b-

49-Elaboration of the verb.
a-Adverb before he verb,He gladly opened the door.
b-Adverbial Phrase-'how long'; Mr. and Mrs. Brown stayed in my house for three weeks.
c-Elaboration of the verb, including clause;He will gladly stay here when he hears the bed news.
Practice 
a-
b-
c-

50-Elaboration Patterns.
a-Elaboration of S-V;
   The man died.
b-Elaboration of S-V-O;
The man shot the lion.
c-Elaboration of S-V-1stO-O;
 The man gave the child a bag.
Practice 
a-
b-
c-
 (This course is finished)